SAP Modules: The Interactive Map (ECC 6.0 & S/4HANA)
Think of SAP modules as the functional building blocks of an SAP system – each one handles a specific business area, like FI (Financial Accounting), CO (Controlling), MM (Materials Management), or SD (Sales and Distribution). This overview breaks down the most crucial modules, their purpose, typical transactions, and how they've evolved from SAP ECC 6.0 to SAP S/4HANA.
Last updated: June 2026
This module records all accounting transactions (think General Ledger, Accounts Receivable, Accounts Payable, and Asset Accounting) and provides the foundation for your balance sheet and P&L statement.
S/4HANA: Universal JournalTypical Transactions: FB50, FB60, FBL3N, F-02
In S/4HANA: It's now part of the Universal Journal (table ACDOCA), meaning FI and CO share a common document line item. Plus, there's a new Asset Accounting.
Process Chain: Record-to-Report
Internal accounting: cost and activity accounting, cost centers, internal orders, profit centers, and profitability analysis.
S/4HANA: merged with FITypical Transactions: KS01, KP06, KSB1, KE30
In S/4HANA: Merged with FI in the Universal Journal – no more separate CO total tables.
Process Chain: Record-to-Report
Manages fixed assets, including Access, depreciations, and parallel valuation.
Typical Transactions: AS01, AB01, AFAB
In S/4HANA: “New Asset Accounting” with real-time parallel valuation.
Process Chain: Record-to-Report
Manages financial resources, money market trading, loans, and financial risks.
Typical Transactions: FTR_EDIT, TPM1
In S/4HANA: As Treasury and Risk Management (TRM).
Covers procurement, purchasing, inventory management, and invoice verification – essentially, the heart of the purchasing process.
Typical Transactions: ME21N, MIGO, MM01, MMBE
In S/4HANA: Stays the same; vendors are now managed as Business Partners, and the material number is extended to up to 40 characters.
Process Chain: Procure-to-Pay
Managing and optimizing warehouse processes like putaway, picking, and inventory management.
S/4HANA: WM → EWMTypical Transactions: LT03 (WM), /SCWM/* (EWM)
In S/4HANA: Classic WM is being replaced by embedded EWM (classic WM is only temporarily available).
Planning, scheduling, execution, and settlement of transports.
S/4HANA: embeddedIn S/4HANA: As embedded TM (embedded Transportation Management) directly within the system.
Controls goods receipt, goods issue, shipping, and the integration with warehousing and transport.
Typical Transactions: VL01N, VL02N
In S/4HANA: Remains, closely integrated with EWM and TM.
Sales, production, and distribution planning across the supply chain.
S/4HANA: APO → IBPIn S/4HANA: SAP APO is being replaced by SAP IBP (Cloud) and embedded PP/DS.
Strategic purchasing and supplier management.
S/4HANA: → AribaIn S/4HANA: As a standalone module, it's replaced by SAP Ariba.
From quotation and order to delivery and invoicing – covering the entire sales process.
Typical Transactions: VA01, VL01N, VF01
In S/4HANA: Stays the same; customers are managed as Business Partners, foreign trade is handled via SAP GTS.
Process Chain: Order-to-Cash
Marketing, Sales, and Service, all centered around customer relationships.
S/4HANA: → Service / CXIn S/4HANA: Replaced as a standalone module – its functions are now integrated into S/4HANA Service or SAP CX.
Handling of service orders, repairs, warranties, and field service.
Typical Transactions: IW51, IW52
In S/4HANA: Transitioned into Service / Customer Management.
Plans and controls manufacturing: Bills of Material (BOMs), routings, requirements, and capacity planning.
Typical Transactions: CO01, MD04, MD01
In S/4HANA: Stays the same; with accelerated planning via MRP Live and embedded PP/DS.
Process Chain: Plan-to-Produce
Quality inspection, planning, and control across procurement, production, and sales.
Typical Transactions: QA01, QA32
In S/4HANA: Largely unchanged.
Planning and execution of maintenance and upkeep for technical assets.
S/4HANA: Part of EAMTypical Transactions: IW31, IW32
In S/4HANA: Part of Enterprise Asset Management (EAM).
Managing product and development data throughout its entire lifecycle.
Typical Transactions: CV01N, CC01
In S/4HANA: Stays; complemented by Enterprise Product Development.
Personnel master data, payroll, time management, and organizational management.
S/4HANA: SuccessFactors / H4S4Typical Transactions: PA30, PA20, PT60
In S/4HANA: SAP recommends SuccessFactors (Cloud); on-premise available as "HCM for S/4HANA" (H4S4).
Planning, controlling, and settling projects: structures, schedules, budgets, and resources.
Typical Transactions: CJ20N, CN21
In S/4HANA: Stays; complemented by Commercial Project Management.
Managing properties, rental and lease agreements, plus utility billing.
Typical Transactions: RE80
In S/4HANA: Remains as Flexible Real Estate Management.
Managing hazardous substances, occupational safety, and environmental aspects.
Typical Transactions: CG02, CBIH02
In S/4HANA: Integrated as EHS Management.
Collecting, preparing, and analyzing data for reporting and analysis.
S/4HANA: BW/4HANA + Embedded AnalyticsTypical Transactions: RSA1
In S/4HANA: As a standalone product, SAP BW/4HANA; plus, 'Embedded Analytics' within the system.
No modules found – try adjusting your search or resetting the filters.
SAP Modules in ECC 6.0 vs. S/4HANA
| Module | Function | SAP ECC 6.0 | SAP S/4HANA |
|---|---|---|---|
| FI / CO | Financial & Accounting | Separate Tables | Universal Journal (ACDOCA) |
| Assets (AA) | Asset Accounting | classic AA | New Asset Accounting |
| Master Data | Customer / Vendor | separate (Debtor/Creditor) | Business Partner (mandatory) |
| MM | Materials Management | MM | MM (Material No. up to 40 characters) |
| WM | Warehouse Management | WM | replaced by EWM (embedded) |
| TM | Transportation Management | SAP TM (separate) | embedded TM |
| SD | Sales | SD | SD (Customer = Business Partner) |
| CRM | Customer Relationship | SAP CRM | S/4HANA Service / SAP CX |
| PP | Production Planning | PP, classic MRP | PP, MRP Live, PP/DS |
| PM | Maintenance | PM | Enterprise Asset Management (EAM) |
| HCM | Human Resources | SAP HCM | SuccessFactors / HCM for S/4HANA |
| APO | Supply Chain Planning | SAP APO | SAP IBP + embedded PP/DS |
| SRM | Procurement | SAP SRM | SAP Ariba |
| BW | Data Warehouse | SAP BW | BW/4HANA + Embedded Analytics |
Get hands-on with modules
The quickest way to understand a module is to click on it yourself—to access transactions, post a document, or create a purchase order. To do this, you need an SAP system in which the relevant modules are active, such as your own test/sandbox system running ECC 6.0 or S/4HANA (with sample data). IDES24, among others, provides such Access ranging from individual clients to dedicated servers.
FAQs on SAP Modules
What SAP modules are out there?
Key modules include FI (Financial Accounting), CO (Controlling), MM (Materials Management), SD (Sales and Distribution), PP (Production Planning), QM (Quality Management), PM (Plant Maintenance), EWM (Extended Warehouse Management), HCM (Human Capital Management), PS (Project Systems), and BW (Analytics). They're broadly categorized into Finance, Logistics, Sales, Production, HR, and cross-industry areas.
What's the difference between FI and CO?
FI (Financial Accounting) handles external accounting for balance sheets and P&L statements, while CO (Controlling) manages internal accounting for cost and performance analysis. In S/4HANA, both share a common line item in the Universal Journal.
Which modules are part of Logistics?
Logistics includes modules like MM (Materials Management), SD (Sales and Distribution), LE (Logistics Execution), EWM (Extended Warehouse Management), TM (Transportation Management), and PP (Production Planning).
What are the ECC modules called in S/4HANA?
Many remain the same (FI, CO, MM, SD, PP, QM). Some have been replaced: WM → EWM, APO → SAP IBP / PP-DS, SRM → SAP Ariba, CRM → S/4HANA Service / SAP CX, PM → Enterprise Asset Management.
Which SAP module is best for beginners?
FI and MM are common entry points because their processes – like posting, ordering, and goods receipt – are easy to grasp and are found in almost every company.
What is the Fully Activated Appliance (FAA)?
The FAA is a pre-configured SAP S/4HANA environment with activated modules and sample data. It's perfect for trying out modules directly without needing to set them up yourself.
Where can I get hands-on practice with SAP modules?
Modules are tested in an SAP system where they are active—such as your own test or sandbox system running ECC 6.0 or S/4HANA. IDES24, among others, Access such Access .
Created by IDES24 – SAP sandbox systems for learning and testing. Information is provided to the best of our knowledge, without warranty; module designations are trademarks of SAP SE.