SAP Modules: The Interactive Map (ECC 6.0 & S/4HANA)
SAP modules are the functional building blocks of an SAP system—each covers a specific business area, such as FI (Financial Accounting), CO (Controlling), MM (Material Management), or SD (Sales and Distribution). This overview highlights the most important modules, their functions, and typical transactions—and how they have changed from SAP ECC 6.0 to SAP S/4HANA.
Last updated: June 2026
Records all accounting transactions (general ledger, accounts receivable, accounts payable, and fixed assets) and provides the basis for the balance sheet and income statement.
S/4HANA: Universal JournalTypical transactions: FB50, FB60, FBL3N, F-02
In S/4HANA: Part of the Universal Journal (table ACDOCA) – FI and CO share a common document line; new asset accounting.
Process Chain: Record-to-Report
Internal Accounting: Cost and Activity Accounting, Cost Centers, Internal Orders, Profit Centers, and Income Statement.
S/4HANA: Merged with FITypical transactions: KS01, KP06, KSB1, KE30
In S/4HANA: Consolidated with FI in the Universal Journal—no more separate CO summary tables.
Process Chain: Record-to-Report
Manages fixed assets, including additions, depreciation, and parallel valuation.
Typical transactions: AS01, AB01, AFAB
In S/4HANA: “New Asset Accounting” with parallel valuation in real time.
Process Chain: Record-to-Report
Management of financial resources, money markets, loans, and financial risks.
Typical transactions: FTR_EDIT, TPM1
In S/4HANA: Treasury and Risk Management (TRM).
Procurement, purchasing, inventory management, and invoice verification—the heart of the purchasing process.
Typical transactions: ME21N, MIGO, MM01, MMBE
In S/4HANA: Remains the same; the supplier is managed as a business partner, and the material number is extended to up to 40 characters.
Process Chain: Procure-to-Pay
Control and optimization of warehouse processes such as putaway and retrieval, order picking, and inventory management.
S/4HANA: WM → EWMTypical transactions: LT03 (WM), /SCWM/* (EWM)
In S/4HANA: The classic WM is being replaced by the embedded EWM (the classic WM can now only be used for a limited time).
Planning, scheduling, execution, and billing of shipments.
S/4HANA: EmbeddedIn S/4HANA: As embedded Transportation Management (TM) directly within the system.
Manages goods receipt, goods issuance, shipping, and integration with warehousing and transportation.
Typical transactions: VL01N, VL02N
In S/4HANA: Remains closely integrated with EWM and TM.
Sales, production, and distribution planning throughout the supply chain.
S/4HANA: APO → IBPIn S/4HANA: SAP APO is being replaced by SAP IBP (Cloud) and embedded PP/DS.
Strategic Procurement and Supplier Management.
S/4HANA: → AribaIn S/4HANA: Replaced by SAP Ariba as a standalone module.
From the quote through the order to delivery and invoicing—the entire sales process.
Typical transactions: VA01, VL01N, VF01
In S/4HANA: Remains the same; the customer is managed as a business partner, and foreign trade is handled via SAP GTS.
Process Chain: Order-to-Cash
Marketing, sales, and customer service—all focused on the customer relationship.
S/4HANA: → Service / CXIn S/4HANA: Replaced by a separate module—functions are now available in S/4HANA Service or SAP CX.
Processing of service orders, repairs, warranties, and field service.
Typical transactions: IW51, IW52
In S/4HANA: Moved to Service / Customer Management.
Plans and manages production: bills of materials, work orders, demand and capacity planning.
Typical transactions: CO01, MD04, MD01
In S/4HANA: Remains; accelerated planning via MRP Live and embedded PP/DS.
Process Chain: Plan-to-Produce
Quality testing, planning, and control across procurement, production, and sales.
Typical transactions: QA01, QA32
In S/4HANA: Largely unchanged.
Planning and execution of maintenance and repair work on technical equipment.
S/4HANA: Part of EAMTypical transactions: IW31, IW32
In S/4HANA: Part of Enterprise Asset Management (EAM).
Management of product and development data throughout the entire lifecycle.
Typical transactions: CV01N, CC01
In S/4HANA: Remains; supplemented by Enterprise Product Development.
Master Data, Payroll, Time Management, and Organizational Management.
S/4HANA: SuccessFactors / H4S4Typical transactions: PA30, PA20, PT60
In S/4HANA: SAP recommends SuccessFactors (Cloud); available on-premises as “HCM for S/4HANA” (H4S4).
Project planning, management, and accounting: structures, deadlines, budgets, and resources.
Typical transactions: CJ20N, CN21
In S/4HANA: Remains; supplemented by Commercial Project Management.
Management of real estate, rental and lease agreements, and utility billing.
Typical Transactions: RE80
In S/4HANA: Remains as Flexible Real Estate Management.
Hazardous Materials, Occupational Safety, and Environmental Management.
Typical transactions: CG02, CBIH02
In S/4HANA: Integrated as EHS Management.
Collecting, processing, and analyzing data for reporting and analysis.
S/4HANA: BW/4HANA + Embedded AnalyticsTypical Transactions: RSA1
In S/4HANA: SAP BW/4HANA as a standalone product; additionally, "Embedded Analytics" is available within the system.
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SAP Modules in ECC 6.0 vs. S/4HANA
| Module | Task | SAP ECC 6.0 | SAP S/4HANA |
|---|---|---|---|
| FI / CO | Finance & Accounting | separate tables | Universal Journal (ACDOCA) |
| Appendices (AA) | Fixed Asset Accounting | Classic AA | New Asset Accounting |
| Master Data | Customer / Supplier | separate (customer/vendor) | Business Partner (required) |
| MM | Materials Management | MM | MM (Material No., up to 40 characters) |
| World Cup | Inventory Management | World Cup | replaced by EWM (embedded) |
| TM | Transportation Management | SAP TM (separate) | embedded TM |
| SD | Distribution | SD | SD (Customer = Business Partner) |
| CRM | Customer Relationship | SAP CRM | S/4HANA Service / SAP CX |
| PP | Production Planning | PP, classic MRP | PP, MRP Live, PP/DS |
| PM | Maintenance | PM | Enterprise Asset Management (EAM) |
| HCM | Human Resources | SAP HCM | SuccessFactors / HCM for S/4HANA |
| APO | Supply Chain Planning | SAP APO | SAP IBP + Embedded PP/DS |
| SRM | Shopping | SAP SRM | SAP Ariba |
| BW | Data Warehouse | SAP BW | BW/4HANA + Embedded Analytics |
Try out the modules in practice
The quickest way to understand a module is to click on it yourself—to call up transactions, post a document, or create a purchase order. To do this, you need an SAP system in which the relevant modules are active, such as your own test/sandbox system running ECC 6.0 or S/4HANA (with sample data). IDES24, among others, provides such access—ranging from individual clients to dedicated servers.
Frequently Asked Questions About SAP Modules
What SAP modules are available?
The most important modules include FI (Financial Accounting), CO (Controlling), MM (Materials Management), SD (Sales and Distribution), PP (Production Planning), QM (Quality Management), PM (Plant Maintenance), EWM (Warehouse Management), HCM (Human Capital Management), PS (Project Management), and BW (Business Intelligence). They are broadly categorized into finance, logistics, sales, production, human resources, and cross-industry areas.
What is the difference between FI and CO?
FI (Financial Accounting) is the external accounting system for the balance sheet and income statement; CO (Controlling) is the internal system for cost and performance accounting. In S/4HANA, both share a common document line in the Universal Journal.
Which modules are part of logistics?
Logistics includes, among other things, MM (Material Management), SD (Sales and Distribution), LE (Logistics Execution), EWM (Warehouse Management), TM (Transportation), and PP (Production Planning).
What are the ECC modules called in S/4HANA?
Many remain the same (FI, CO, MM, SD, PP, QM). Some have been replaced: WM → EWM, APO → SAP IBP / PP-DS, SRM → SAP Ariba, CRM → S/4HANA Service / SAP CX, PM → Enterprise Asset Management.
Which SAP module is best for beginners?
FI and MM are common starting points because their processes—posting, ordering, and goods receipt—are easy to understand and occur in virtually every company.
What is the Fully Activated Appliance (FAA)?
FAA is a preconfigured SAP S/4HANA environment with activated modules and sample data. It is ideal for trying out modules right away without having to set them up yourself.
Where can I get hands-on practice with SAP modules?
Modules are practiced in an SAP system where they are active—such as your own test or sandbox system running ECC 6.0 or S/4HANA. IDES24, among others, offers such access.
Created by IDES24 – SAP sandbox systems for learning and testing. Information provided to the best of our knowledge, without warranty; module names are trademarks of SAP SE.